Educational
ETF Price, iNAV and NAV: Three Numbers, Three Different Jobs
A PSX ETF can show a traded market price, an intraday indicative NAV and an official daily NAV. The numbers are related, but each answers a different question.
Educational notes explain PSX concepts in plain English for readers who want to understand the market properly.
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10 resultsEducational
The Earnings Announcement Is the Headline. The Annual Report Is the Evidence.
A results notice gives the headline quickly. The annual report adds the audited statements and accompanying reports needed to test how the result was produced.
Educational
One Quarter Can Make a Cyclical Company Look Much Better Than It Really Is
PRL's March 2026 quarter contributed about 82% of its nine-month profit, showing why one strong cyclical quarter should not automatically be treated as a normal earnings run-rate.
Educational
You Bought a "Good Company." So Why Did the Stock Fall?
A strong business can still produce a weak stock return when expectations, earnings quality, valuation or broader market conditions change.
Educational
SECP Registered 5,438 Companies in July. That Does Not Mean 5,438 New PSX Stocks.
SECP’s record 5,438 company incorporations in July 2026 measure corporate formation, not new PSX listings. Here is the separate mechanism from registration to a listed security.
Educational
Pakistan’s $22.47bn Reserve Headline Contains Two Different Pools
Pakistan’s $22.475bn liquid foreign-exchange reserve headline combines $17.043bn held by SBP and $5.432bn held by commercial banks. The composition matters before the number is used as an external-liquidity signal.
Educational
A 2,130% Dividend Is Not a 2,130% Return
Nestlé Pakistan’s 2,130% dividend declaration means Rs213 per share based on face value; it is not a 2,130% investment return.
Educational
The Same June 30 Date Can Mean a Quarter, Half Year or Nine Months
The same reporting end date can represent different reporting periods depending on a company’s financial calendar.
Educational
Why a Rs20 Share Is Not Automatically Cheaper Than a Rs200 Share
A lower share price can simply mean that a company's equity is divided into more pieces. Market capitalisation is the first correction, not the final valuation answer.
Educational
Start Here: How to Read Pakistan’s Stock Market Without Getting Lost
A simple guide to reading Pakistan’s stock market through index moves, sectors, flows, company fundamentals, valuation, and risk.